In the present investigation various aluminium-based new phases formed due to substitution of sulphur via simulated acid rain in Bacopa monnieri have been analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. So far there is no report on the effects of acid rain on the B. monnieri herb and its vital properties like memory-boosting mechanism. Therefore, in the present study, an attempt has been made to analyze the various aluminium phase (salt) formations due to the substitution of sulphur via simulated acid rain (SiAR) in B. Monnieri because of its toxicological importance. The new phases like AlH(SO4)2 and Al2S3 along with usual Al2O3:H2O, MgO, FeAl2(PO4)2(OH)2:8H2O, (K2Ca(SO4)2:H2O), have been observed in B. monnieri when treated with sulphuric-simulated acid rain (S-SiAR) of two different pH (3.39 and 5.45) for 20 weeks. These Al-based new salts formed in the above medicinal herb due to the induction of S-SiAR may cause Alzheimer’s disease and induce other abnormities.

Cancer is a threat concomitant with human history. Although we have stepped into the very advanced twenty first century with considerable progress in cancer treatment, it is still a very difficult disease to treat and is the second most common disease that causes mortality. In recent years, the discovery of new anticancer drugs has evolved from a dramatic shift from cell based screening for anti proliferative effects to a more mechanistically based approach that targets the specific molecular lesions thought to be responsible for the development and maintenance of the malignant phenotype in various forms of cancer. The development of molecularly targeted drugs has improved the efficacy and selectivity of cancer treatment by exploiting the differences between cancer cells and normal cells. Targeted therapies are now a component of treatment for many types of cancer, including breast, colorectal, lung and pancreatic as well as lymphoma, leukemia and multiple myeloma. In order to enhance the specificity and efficacy of current cancer therapies, the aim of this review is to shed light on some of the important molecular targets.

The ethanolic extract of the leaves of Mimosa pudica at the doses of 200 and 400mg/kg was tested for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. The extract produced dose dependent and significant inhibition of carrageenan induced paw oedema.The analgesic activity was found to be more significant on the acetic acid induced writhing model than the tail flick model So the extract inhibits predominantly the peripheral mechanism. The presence of flavonoids in the ethanolic extract may be contributory to its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity.

Spinacia oleracea (spinach) of family Amaranthaceae is an important plant used traditionally for medicinal purposes. Hyperlipidemia was induced by treated orally with atherogenic diet. In atherogenic diet induced hyperlipidemic model, the rats receiving Spinacia oleracea powder showed significant reduction in total cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein and elevation of high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Spinacia oleracea was found to possess significant hypolipidemic activity. The results also suggest that Spinacia oleracea powder at 200mg and 400 mg/kg b.wt. concentrations are an excellent lipid-lowering agent.

The aim of the present work was to generate an index to predict topical ef®ciency of a series of nonsteroidal anti-in¯ammatory drugs Organogel, a viscoelastic system, can be regarded as a semi-solid preparation which has an immobilized external apolar phase. The apolar phase gets immobilized within spaces of the three-dimensional networked structure formed due to the physical interactions amongst the selfassembled structures of compounds regarded as gelators. In general, organogels are thermodynamically stable in nature and have been explored as matrices for the delivery of bioactive agents. In the current manuscript, attempts have been made to understand the properties of organogels, various types of organogelators and some applications of the organogels in controlled delivery.

Dietary antioxidants are considered beneficial because of their potential protective role against oxidative stress, which is involved in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases such as cancer and coronary heart disease. The effect of feeding orange peel oil on lipid peroxidation, catalase and hepatic biomarkers in blood plasma of normo rats was investigated. Beside mouse chow, four diets were designed to contain 50% of energy as carbohydrate, 35% as fat, and 15% as protein, and one that was lipid-free diet which had distilled water substituted for fat. Groups of five rats were each fed one of these diets, while a fifth group was fed pelletized mouse chow. There was no significant difference in the amount of food consumed, though significant weight lost was observed in all groups except soybean oil. Feeding on orange peel oil led to significant decrease in lipid peroxidation and catalase activities in comparison to soybean oil. Higher AST and lower ALT activities were observed in orange peel oil fed groups. These results suggest the oil from the orange peels possesses antioxidant potentials which could be protective against oxidative stress, thus useful in its treatment and management. However, the elevated levels of hepatic biomarkers pose a threat of hepatotoxicity thus suggesting that it should be consumed or used as a pharmaceutical ingredient at lower concentrations.

The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate the administration of bisoprolol hemifumarate (BH) using transdermal delivery systems. The following formulae were prepared as a reservoir to be used in batch formulae. Gels: carbopol 934 and carbopol 940 (C.934 and C.940); each in three different concentrations was prepared. In addition, emulgels were prepared and thermo sensitive gels utilizing Pluronic F127 (P.F127). The physicochemical properties of the drug were characterized by determining the partition coefficients. Subsequently, the prepared formulae were evaluated according to their rheological properties, in vitro release using a USP dissolution tester, in vitro diffusion using Franz's diffusion cells and bioavailability (studied in albino rabbits). All the formulae were manifested as pseudoplastic flow with thixotropy. In general, the viscosity of the prepared formulae increased with increasing the polymer concentrations, and this led to a decline in the percentage of the drug released. From all the formulae that were tested, pluronic F127 gave the highest drug concentration in rabbits (The highest Cmax and the lowest Tmax) in comparison to the other formulae and the oral commercial formulae. So, transdermal application of 20 % (w/w) P.F127 gel containing 0.5% w/w BH can be a promising new dosage form for treatment hypertension and angina pectoris. The significant findings presented here encourage further studies.

Cervical Cancer is malignant Carcinoma type of cancer originate in cervix region. The cervix is the narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top of the vagina. Most cervical cancers are squamous cell carcinomas, arising in the squamous (flattened) epithelial cells that line the cervix. Adenocarcinoma, arising in glandular epithelial cells is the second most common type. Very rarely, cancer can arise in other types of cells in the cervix. Cancer refers to a class of diseases in which a cell or a group of cells divide and replicate uncontrollably, intrude into adjacent cells and tissues (invasion) and ultimately spread to other parts of the body than the location at which they arose (metastasis) (National Cancer Institute 2009). In cervical cancer, (cancer of the uterine cervix), cancer develops in the tissues of the cervix, which is a part of the female reproductive system. The cervix connects the upper body of the uterus to the vagina. The endocervix (the upper part which is close to the uterus) is covered by glandular cells, and the ectocervix (the lower part which is close to the vagina) is covered by squamous cells. The transformation zone refers to the place where these two regions of the cervix meet (American Cancer Society 2009).

Medicinal plants are used for the treatment of various ailments especially in India due to its traditional systems and wide biodiversity. Less than 5% of the Indian medicinal flora has been evaluated systematically till date indicating a vast untapped potential midst of the global opportunity. The aim of the present study is the laboratory assessment and phytochemical screening of Mollugo spergula. The methanol extract of Mollugo spergula contains 3.67 µg of ß-carotene and 33.9 µg of lycopene, 9.23 mg of Vitamin C per g of the extract. The extract contains polyphenols viz.14.51 µg of pyrocatechol and 2.91 µg of gallic acid per g of the extracts. From the present study it has been found that the Mollugo spergula is enriched with valuable phytoconstituents having antioxidant activity. Further studies are going on in our laboratory to evaluate its wider biological activity.